Whisky, or whiskey (the first is the British spelling, the second the American, but in the trade the former normally refers to Scotch and the latter to Irish) is a distilled drink made from fermented grain mash. There is no-one type of grain that is used to make whisky; several different varieties are used. The drink is normally aged after distillation. There are many regional verities of whisky, which can be called by different names, such as bourbon.
A whiskey sour is a drink that uses whisky as its base. Different types of whiskeys can be used - bourbon is apparently popular - but a pure whiskey drinker (the type who objects to adulterating the taste with ice, for example, never mind anything else) would probably be horrified by the idea of using a really good whisky to make this drink.
To the whiskey is added lemon juice and sugar. In a Boston Sour, egg white is also added. The drink is shaken, and then either served straight or poured over ice, and then garnished with a maraschino cherry and a slice of orange. The standard mix is 4.5 cl of bourbon to 3 cl of fresh lemon juice to 1.5 cl of Gomme syrup (where the sugar comes from) and the optional dash of egg white.
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